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Caesarea Maritima
Caesarea Maritima (Greek: ''Parálios Kaisáreia'', Παράλιος Καισάρεια) was one of four Roman colonies for veterans in the Syria-Phoenicia region created by the Roman Empire.〔Butcher, 2003, p. (230 )〕 The ancient Caesarea Maritima (or Caesarea Palestinae) city and harbor was built by Herod the Great about 25–13 BC. The city had been populated through the late Roman and Byzantine era. Its ruins lie on the Mediterranean coast of Israel, about halfway between the cities of Tel Aviv and Haifa, on the site of Pyrgos Stratonos ("Straton's Tower").〔Raban and Holum, 1996, p. (54 )〕
==Historical characteristics==
Caesarea Maritima was named in honor of Augustus Caesar〔 The city was described in detail by the 1st-century Roman Jewish historian Josephus.〔''Jewish Antiquities'' XV.331ff; ''The Jewish War'' I.408ff〕 The city became the seat of the Roman prefect soon after its foundation. Caesarea was the "administrative capital" beginning in 6 AD.〔''A History of the Jewish People'', H.H. Ben-Sasson editor, 1976, page 247: "When Judea was converted into a Roman province (6 CE, page 246 ), the Romans moved the governmental residence and military headquarters from Jerusalem to Caesarea.〕 This city is the location of the 1961 discovery of the Pilate Stone, the only archaeological item that mentions the Roman prefect Pontius Pilate, by whose order Jesus was crucified.〔
The emperor Vespasian raised its status to that of a ''Colonia'', with the name ''Colonia Prima Flavia Augusta Caesarea''. After the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 AD, Caesarea was the provincial capital of the Judaea Province, before the change of name to ''Syria Palaestina'' in 134 AD, shortly before the Bar Kokhba revolt.〔Shimon Applebaum (1989) Judaea in Hellenistic and Roman Times: Historical and Archaeological Essays Brill Archive, ISBN 90-04-08821-0 p 123〕 In Byzantine times, Caesarea remained the capital, with brief interruption of Persian and Jewish conquest between 614 and 625. In the 630s, Arab Muslim armies had taken control of the region, keeping Caesarea as its administrative center. In the early 8th century, the Umayyad caliph Suleiman transferred the seat of government of the ''Jund Filastin'' from Caesarea to Ramla.
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